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Abstract

ABC Coaching & Counselling Services, by Telephone and Face-to-Face.
Counselling and therapy info...

Home PageWhat is Counselling?Telephone counsellingWhat is CENT
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______________________________ Search (_) This site (_) The Web

ABC Coaching and Counselling Services

Dr Jim Byrne offers counselling services all over the world, via the
telephone and email systems; and face to face in Halifax and Hebden
Bridge, West Yorkshire; and in London, Leeds and Manchester; plus
Edinburgh, York and Wilmslow, Cheshire.

He also offers free informational services in the form of web pages and
videos on various systems of counselling, including Rational Emotive
Behaviour Therapy (REBT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT),
Transactional Analysis (TA), Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy
(CENT), and others.

Specialisms include: anger counselling; anxiety counselling;
communication skills; couples therapy; depression counselling;
relationship skills; and stress management.

Telephone counselling clients come from: The USA, Canada, Ireland, the
UK, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Japan; but the service is
available to English speakers everywhere.

Dr Byrne has developed a new system of counselling, through research
and clinical practice. This system is called Cognitive Emotive
Narrative Therapy (CENT), and it is a fusion of Rational Emotive
Behaviour Therapy (REBT), Cognitive and Narrative therapies,
Transactional Analysis (TA), Object Relations and Attachment theories,
moral philosophy, Zen Buddhism, and other elements.

Additionally, he offers training, supervision and books on
counselling-related subjects.
~~~

THE KEY EQUATION
Happiness (or calm serenity) plus success (or some level of meaningful
goal achievement) plus mutually satisfying relationships (at least one)
equals "good mental health".

~~~

"If you think counselling is expensive, try self-neglect!"

~~~

If you want to be successful in life, practice extreme self care!

~~~

SITE MAP

~~~

Jim-hols-10002.jpg Hello, and welcome to the Counselling Information
pages for

ABC Coaching and Counselling Services.

On this site you will find a range of free information pages and video
recordings about various systems and models of counselling;

plus details of professional counselling services available all over
the world by telephone;

and face to face in Hebden Bridge and Halifax, West Yorkshire;

and in London, Leeds and Manchester;

and in Edinburgh, York and Wilmslow.

~~~

Free counselling guidance for dealing with Christmas/Hanukkah/Yuletide
upsets.***

~~~

A good counselling experience should be flexible and allow the client
to pursue their goals: "The term `counselling' includes work with
individuals and with relationships, which may be developmental, crisis
support, psychotherapeutic, guiding or problem solving ... The task of
counselling is to give the client an opportunity to explore, discover
and clarify ways of living more satisfyingly and resourcefully".

BAC, 1984, cited in McLeod, 2003. (14)

~~~

Visitor Comment:

"This site is a great resource, with lots of good and original
counselling information and material available for free. I
particularly liked some of the counselling videos, and the couples
therapy and anger management pages.

R. Matthews, 22nd September 2011

~~~

Client Testimonial:

"Hi Jim, It's now five years since I first consulted you for
counselling help, and I continue to benefit from the work we did
together. I no longer feel depressed or anxious for very long, and
I can quickly figure out what is going on, and sort it out. I
recently read Erickson's book entitled 'My voice will go with you',
and I realized that your voice is always with me, encouraging me,
and reminding me to think for myself. I will always be very
grateful for the help you gave me".

M.G., 16th September 2011

~~~

(1) Information about counselling services all over the world:

(a) Telephone counselling in the USA, Canada, Ireland, UK, Australia
and New Zealand; and for English speakers all over the world;

(b) Email counselling all over the world;

(c) Face to face counselling services in Halifax and Hebden Bridge,
West Yorkshire, UK;

(d) Face to face counselling services in London, Leeds and
Manchester.

(d2) Face to face counselling services in Edinburgh, York and
Wilmslow.

(e) How can counselling help?

(f) The Institute for CENT Counselling.

(2) Counselling specialisms:

Dr Jim Byrne specializes in seven fields of counselling activity:

(a) Couples counselling and marriage guidance;

(b) Anger management counselling;

(c) Stress management counselling;

(d) Counselling for anxiety and panic;

(e) Counselling for depression;

(f) Confidence coaching and counselling; and:

(g) Interpersonal communications coaching, including assertiveness
training.

(3) Information about counselling systems:

(a) What is counselling?

(b) 16 videos on counselling?

(b2) Video on Couple Counselling: How to Build a Successful Marriage
or Couple Relationship

(c) *New content*: What is Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
(REBT)?

(d) What is Transactional Analysis (TA)?

(e) What is Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy (CENT)?

(f) The development of CENT counselling.

(g) *New content*: Articles and papers on CENT counselling.

(h) *New content*: Ebooks on counselling, for stress, anxiety,
etc...

(4) Other services:

Other services are available on this site. Let me mention a few of
them here:

(a) The six main services;

(b) The Happiness Blog;

(c) The ABC Newsletter contains recent updates.

(d) Training and supervision services for counsellors and others.

(e) Membership Services (MI-CENT) for counsellors and others.

(f) CENT Paper No.17: Counselling for chronic pain - A review of Tim
Parks' book...

(g) *New*: CENT Paper No.18: Counselling needs the support of
physical exercise...

(5) Information about Dr Jim Byrne:

(a) About Dr Jim Byrne, Doctor of Counselling;

(b) Accreditation and ethics codes;

(c) Unsolicited client testimonials;

(d) Information pack for face to face clients;

(e) Schedule of fees; and:

(f) Contact details.

(g) *Note*: For an insight into the value and power of counselling
systems, see these two papers: My Story of Origins; and my Story of
Relationship; in which I describe my own personal counselling and
therapy journey over the course of my lifetime.

~~~

In the video clip that follows, Dr Jim Byrne presents a brief list of
the eleven central principles of his Cognitive Emotive Narrative
Therapy (CENT) and counselling system. CENT is a fusion of REBT/CBT,
Transactional Analysis and Object Relations, Attachment Theory, Zen
Buddhism, moral philosophy and other philosophical elements.

Jim2video.jpg-

The Eleven Core Principles of Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy
(CENT) - the CENT counselling system

Additional Information

Counselling, as practiced by Dr Jim Byrne, amounts to an opportunity to
examine:

cC Where you are now in your life.

cC Where you are trying to get to.

cC The kind of 'life narrative' you are living, and how to change
it.

cC The kinds of action plans that could take you forward.

cC The emotions that are having a negative impact on your life, and
how to manage them better, by a process of 'reframing' your life's
difficulties.

cC The behaviours that you engage in which cause you problems, such
as: aggression, withdrawal, procrastination, over-eating,
under-exercising, etc.

cC The kinds of experiences that you may have denied earlier in your
life, resulting in 'refused-pain'-distortions of your life today,
which we need to dig up and digest, process and allow to be.

cC How you relate to people in your life, and how you can learn to
feel more secure in your relationships by exploring how you feel
about your counsellor.

Counselling has a very specific, measurable effects on the lives of
counselling clients:

(a) What my clients gain;

(b) The benefits of counselling;

(c) Unsolicited client testimonials.

~~~

Site Map

Site Description

~~~

CENT is a holistic system of counselling which includes the care of the
whole body/mind of the client.

In CENT counselling, we do not agree with the Cartesian separation of
mind and body. You are a walking mind and a thinking body. You are a
body that has a lifetime of objective/subjective experience mediated
through your mind. You are an experienced brain-mind-body, and your
tomorrow is shaped by your subjectively experienced yesterday. To
change your life, you have to somehow change how your experience has
wired up your brain-mind-body. This could involve changing your diet,
exercise, or your self-talk (or the story you keep telling yourself
about your life); your location in space-time; your relationships; your
attitudes. The changes that we will work on together in CENT
counselling depend upon what your goals are. Where are you trying to
get to? What suffering are you trying to eliminate or avoid?

~~~

Attachment relationships in counselling facilitate client change and
growth: "Very much as the original attachment relationship(s) (with
mother and father) allowed the child to develop, it is ultimately the
new relationship of attachment with the (counsellor) that allows the
(client) to change. To paraphrase Bowlby (1988), such a relationship
provides a secure base that enables the (client) to take the risk of
feeling what s/he is not supposed to feel and knowing what s/he is not
supposed to know".

Dr David Wallin, Attachment in Psychotherapy, 2007, page 3. (11)

~~~

I hope you find the information on this web site interesting and
useful. There are more than thirty video clips on counselling systems
and processes on various pages. And there are dozens of pages on
different systems of counselling, and related subjects, like
meditation, diet and exercise. And if you need counselling help or
support, please do contact me.

If you want to escape from the pain of depression and anxiety, or the
self-inflicted losses (of relationships, careers, self respect, etc)
resulting from uncontrolled anger, then you could benefit from CENT
counselling with me.

What I do best is to help you to develop 'narrative competence', so you
can re-write the story of your current and past life, which will create
a better future for you; one which does not contain the pain and
distress of the present moment. We live our lives according to a
non-conscious script, and to change our lives we have to change that
script. Furthermore, if you try to run away from your problems, they
will pursue you. To get rid of them, you have to learn how to
'complete your experience' of them, which 'digests them', and allows
them to go into the background of your life, harmlessly. The major
developmental challenges for people who are suffering with strong and
disturbing negative emotions are: (1) to complete any undigested
experiences from your past; (2) to learn how to become securely
attached to others; (3) to learn how to 'reframe' your experiences, so
they show up in a less disturbing light; and (4) to re-write the story
or script that is driving your life in negative directions. I can show
you how to tackle those challenges, and how to have a healthier,
happier life.

Jim-in-Harrogate-001.jpg Jim Byrne

Doctor of Counselling

ABC Coaching and Counselling Services

Jim.byrne@abc-counselling

01422 843 629 (from inside the UK);

44 1422 843 629 (from outside the UK).

~~~

See my latest counselling related quotations at Twitter:

Follow abc4cent on Twitter-

Or, tweet about this page:

Tweet

Or follow me on Google+

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~~~

-

~~~

If you like the content of this site, please share it with your social
networking friends (e.g. at Facebook, Bebo, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn,
etc).
Bookmark and Share-

~~~

Narrative counselling is the most post-modern of counselling systems:
"The idea of a narrative approach (to counselling) refers to a
significant movement within the social and health sciences in recent
years... Narrative (counselling) is concerned with the human capacity
to tell stories. We use stories to communicate to each other the
important or memorable things that happen to us on an everyday basis.
Within our heads, and in our own lives, each of us lives out a story or
stories, and constructs our identity and sense of self through creating
a story of our life, our autobiography. Culturally, the beliefs, value
and world-view of a set of people are carried through narrative, in the
form of myth, scripture, literature and `news'." CENT counselling -
being post-postmodern - explores the aspects of a client's narrative
which are causing them their emotional and behavioural problems. But
we do not undermine the positive aspects - especially the good, moral
aspects - of the client's cultural narratives, which we support.

Quotation above from: John McLeod, Counselling Skill, 2007, pages 2-3.
(12)

~~~

SITE MAP

~~~
Information about Counselling

Here are some video clips to help you to get a flavour of the ABC
Coaching and Counselling Services approach to counselling and therapy:

1. This first clip is a brief introduction to Dr Jim Byrne, ABC
Coaching and Counselling Services, and the counselling services on
offer. 2. In this second clip, I describe the importance of taking
responsibility for your own life, as the essential foundation for any
form of successful counselling process.

3. Here is a brief introduction to Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy
(CENT), which is the form of counselling and therapy created and used
by Dr Jim Byrne. There are at least 16 videos on the 16 Counselling
Videos page. 4. This is Part 2 of 'What is Counselling?' It was
produced by me to update my statements about the way I think of
counselling. In particular, I mention the importance of Attachment
Theory, and the counsellor being emotionally available to the client.

~~~

Videos on Counselling, plus Information on Counseling Systems

Defining, describing and illustrating counselling systems

I use the terms counselling, coaching and psychotherapy
interchangeably, to mean processes of helping my clients to develop a
greater capacity to manage their thoughts, feelings, behaviours and
action plans. If you want a more formal definition, then here is
Richard Nelson-Jones on the subject:

"Therapy is derived from the Greek word 'therapeia' meaning
healing. Attempts to differentiate between counselling and
psychotherapy are never wholly successful. Because counselling and
therapy represent diverse rather than uniform knowledge and
activities, it is more accurate to think of counselling approaches
and psychological therapies".

Some commentators draw a distinction between counselling and therapy,
but this distinction is difficult to maintain, and I do not accept that
it is valid. As Nelson-Jones says: "Attempts to distinguish
counselling from therapy include observations that therapy deals more
with mental disorders than counselling, that therapy is longer-term and
deeper, and that therapy is predominantly associated with medical
settings. However, matters are not this clear-cut. Many counsellors
work in medical settings, have clients with recognized mental disorders
and do longer-term work that is sometimes of a psychodynamic nature.

Counselling and therapy are largely overlapping systems, and it is
probably better to see them as part of a common system of helping
others: "Syme (2000) rightly suggests that there is huge overlap
between counselling and therapy. As an illustration of perceived
overlap, the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia
promulgates 'A definition of counselling and psychotherapy' as a single
statement. (Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia,
1997). Both counselling and therapy are psychological processes that
use the same theoretical models. Each stresses the need to value the
client as a person, to listen carefully and sympathetically to what
they have to say, and to foster the capacity for self-help and personal
responsibility". Pages 4-5, Essential Counselling and Therapy Skills:
The skilled client model. Richard Nelson-Jones, London, Sage
Publications, 2002.

# What is Counselling?

# Counselling all over the world...

In the remainder of this section I will introduce a number of ideas
about counselling and psychotherapy, using video clips. My intention
is to give you a rough idea of what it is like to be counselled by
counselors from several different disciplines, including the cognitive
behavioural, the psychodynamic (or emotive) approach, the narrative
approach, Gestalt and TA, and so on. You will get a sense of some of
the differences of emphasis and the areas of overlap in these various
schools of counselling.

In addition (June 2011 onwards) I intend to add brief summary notes on
all the systems of counselling and therapy in which I have been
trained, including mini-papers on Questions and Answers on Counselling
Systems. This should be helpful for individuals who are curious about
the nature of counselling and therapy, including students on
counselling and psychotherapy courses.

I shall begin today (28th June 2011) with a summary introduction to the
process of creating counselling and therapy approaches, as described by
Richard Nelson-Jones (2001) Theory and Practice of Counselling and
Therapy, Third Edition. London: Continuum.

"A theoretical approach represents a single position regarding the
theory and practice of counselling and therapy.

"A school of counselling and therapy is a grouping of different
theoretical approaches which ar similar to one another in terms of
certain important characteristics that distinguish them from
approaches in other counselling and therapy schools.

"Probably the three main schools that influence contemporary
individual counselling and therapy theory and practice are the
psychodynamic school, the humanistic-existential school, and the
cognitive-behavioural school". (Page 19).

I will now present a link to my first mini-paper in this series:

# Questions and answers on creating counselling and therapy
approaches.

~~~

What does counselling look like in practice?

If you are already familiar with counselling and therapy, then please
skip the 'introduction to counselling' video that follows, and go to
the video intro to Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy (CENT). If you
would like an introduction to the subject of counselling, and to Dr
Byrne's own Cognitive Emotive Narrative Counselling, then please see
the video clips and links that follow immediately. To view a vido
clip, please Click > once on the on-screen arrow:

This definition of counselling is further elaborated in the links that
follow:
* What is counselling?
* How can counselling help you?
* What kinds of counselling and therapy clients do I help?
* What my counselling clients gain?
* The Information Pack for face-to-face counselling and coaching
clients.
* About Dr Jim Byrne, Counsellor, Coach, Psychotherapist.

The system of counselling that I use is called Cognitive Emotive
Narrative Therapy (CENT), and I have produced a brief and general video
introduction to this system, which follows. Click > once:

Again, if you want further clarification about Cognitive Emotive
Narrative Therapy (CENT), then please read the following brief paper on
that subject:

# What is Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy (CENT)?

# Counselling all over the world...

~~~

So, I have now defined counselling; and presented a brief introduction
to CENT, which is an integration of ideas and techniques from Cognitive
Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT),
Transactional Analysis (TA), Object Relations, and Narrative Therapy.
However, before I present you with any more of my own video clips about
Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy (CENT), I want to break that down
into components that are easier to understand. So first I will present
a video clip which features a National Health Service (NHS) client who
had Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for depression when her husband
died. Her testimonial should give you some good insights into what
people get from cognitive type therapies:

~~~

Please support the public educational role of this web site by making a
small donation:

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~~~

Next I want to present a statement from an NHS (National Health
Service) expert in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), talking about the
benefits to be gained from this kind of counselling and therapy:

~~~

Now I would like to show you a counselling role play session, based on
Cognitive Therapy, with a young man who is unhappy with his life:

And here is a brief academic paper on Cognitive Therapy (CT) which I
wrote for my Rusland Diploma course, in 2003; followed by a Question
and Answer Mini-paper, also on CT:

# Rusland Diploma Assignment on Cognitive Therapy (2003);

# Q&A Mini-paper on Cognitive Therapy

All systems of CBT were inspired by the original form of cognitive
behaviour counselling, which was Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
(REBT), developed by Dr Albert Ellis, in New York City, in the period
1953-1962, and continually updated since that time, up to his death in
2007. See the following documents:

# What is REBT? - An extensive web page of information on the theory
and practice of REBT;

# Rusland College assignment on REBT;

# Q&A Mini-paper on REBT.

~~~

Although REBT was the original form of cognitive behaviour therapy:
"Cognitive therapy (as such) was initially developed in the early 1970s
by Dr Aaron Beck of the University of Pennsylvania. The theory
postulates that during clients' cognitive development they learn
incorrect habits of processing and interpreting information. Cognitive
therapists attempt to unravel clients' distortions and help them to
learn different and more realistic ways of processing and
reality-testing information".

~~~

As a final illustration of the CBT approach to counselling, here is a
CBT role play from the Australian Institute of Professional Counselling
(AIPC):

~~~

"Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) is not a purely
intellectual approach to counseling, but strongly emphasizes the
interplay of feeling, behaviour and cognition (or thought)".

~~~

# What is Counselling?

# Counselling all over the world...

There are no really good videos of role plays using Rational Emotive
Behaviour Therapy (REBT) - which is a shame. However, here is a video
clip in which Dr Jeffrey Guterman presents a one minute excerpt from a
telephone counselling session he had with Dr Albert Ellis, the creator
of REBT, back in the early 1980s. Jeffrey is on the telephone to the
Institute for RET in New York City. It nicely illustrates something
about the ABC model of REBT:

Further down this page, I have posted a video clip in which I
demonstrate that REBT does not have to be delivered in hard-nosed,
non-empathic ways, which has sometimes happened in the past. REBT can
be, and should be, as sensitive and caring as the most person-centred
system of counselling and psychotherapy.

The basic difference between general CBT and REBT is that, in CBT the
counsellor will be looking to identify your 'automatic thoughts ' -
especially over-generalizations, ignoring positives, and producing
exaggerations - while in REBT the counsellor looks for what are called
'irrational beliefs', which include demanding the unattainable;
exaggerating the degree of badness of your situation; assuming you can
not tolerate your problems; and condemning and damningyourself, other
people, and the world. To find out more about REBT, try the 'What is
REBT?' page.

~~~

So much for the cognitive approach. Now I want to show you a role play
session illustrating a more emotive counselling approach - the
psycho-dynamic counselling model - in which the counsellor looks for
the roots of current problems in the childhood of the client:

~~~

Introduction to Freud's Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud was the great-grandfather of all systems of counselling
and psychotherapy. In the 1890s he created a system called
psychoanalysis, which set the pattern for one specialist to help one
client to work through their emotional distress with a view to making
sense of it, and thereby resolve it.

# Here's a link to a YouTube video clip on Freud's system of
Psychoanalysis.***

Freud saw the human individual as being split between two major
instincts: the life urge (or Eros) and the death urge (or Thanatos).
This distinction is preserved in the CENT distinction between our Good
Wolf and our Bad Wolf sides. When Freudians talk about 'libido' they
are talking about manifestations of the life urge.

The human mind is seen to be split three ways in psychoanalysis,
between the individual organism as born (which is called the 'it', or
'id); the internalized rules, attitudes and values of the mother/father
(which is called the 'over-I', or 'superego'); and the sense of self of
the individual (which is called the 'ego', or 'the I'). The psychic
energy - or aliveness - of the individual is distributed between these
three elements of mind, which may be in harmony with each other, or in
significant conflict.

The ego holds the tension between the innate urges of the 'it' and the
socially-shaped constraining influence of the 'over-I' (or super-ego).

# Q&A Mini-Paper No.2: Freud's Psychoanalysis

# Rusland Diploma Assignment on Freud and Jung

# Q&A Mini-Paper No.3: Jung's Analytical Therapy

~~~

If you like the content of this site, please share it with your social
networking friends (e.g. at Facebook, Bebo, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn,
etc).
Bookmark and Share-

~~~

Please support the public educational role of this web site by making a
small donation:

DonateButton2.gif-

~~~

Most systems of counselling and psychotherapy involve the counsellor in
asking probing questions. (The exception is the Rogerian system of
person-centred counselling, which avoids using leading questions). The
reason for probing questions is to allow the therapist to build up a
diagnostic picture of the client's problem(s). However, when this kind
of questioning is done unskillfully - and sometimes when it is not -
the client may respond with irritability. Here is a psycho-dynamic
consideration of this issue, which answers the question 'Why put
yourself through psychotherapy, given this probing question
irritation?:

"Since the probing aspect of psychotherapy is so often disliked, why
should anyone want to put themselves through encounters of this sort?

"One of the reasons is that it is a dull sort of relief indeed to be
shut off from one's inner life, which is what is achieved by the
excessive use of defenses (against probing questions). It is a greater
relief to be able to open up even though doing so is not easy. That is
why Aeschylus ... spoke of the 'discipline of suffering' as a 'mercy of
the gods'. Psychotherapy at its best can help enlarge the mind, and
illuminate its contents. Nor does it all have to be trial by
suffering. It is not always recognized that psychotherapy and
psychoanalysis aim to increase common sense and a grasp of reality, as
well as opening one up to the nuances of emotional and imaginative
life. There is an intrinsic pleasure in coming to know what is going
on inside oneself and in others, and to grasp more fully many aspects
of life, both the practical and the emotional. Moreover it can also be
a revelation to recognise the impact of our inner worlds, our psychic
reality, upon our thinking, attitudes and perceptions of ourselves,
since it is as influential, or even more influential, than the effects
of actual childhood events.

"Thus in all psychotherapy, although we need to take fully into account
historical facts, or the facts of an individual's day-to-day
circumstances, it is important to recognize that we have a world within
us which powerfully affects how we operate and how we perceive
things". Page 169 of 'Talking Cure: Mind and method of the Tavistock
Clinic'. David Taylor (editor). Duckworth: 1999.

# What is REBT counselling?

# What is Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy (CENT)?

A recent issue of Scientific American contains evidence that
psycho-dynamic counseling is highly effective for a range of issues,
and that participants in the research not only improved as a result of
the counselling, but continued to improve on their own, many months
after the counselling sessions ended.

The psychodynamic approach to counselling and psychotherapy is also
misunderstood because of public prejudices against Freud and his theory
of psychosexual stages of development. If you want to experience a
review of the modern Freudian theory in an academic context, then take
a look at this debate at the University of Richmond:

You could also take a look at one of my Cognitive Emotive Narrative
Therapy papers - my CENT Paper No.9, - which integrates Freud and the
cognitive-behavioural models of the mind, in a way that helps
counsellors and therapists to improve their understanding of the mind
of the counselling client.

~~~

We have looked at examples of cognitive and emotive approaches to
counselling and psychotherapy, and now we will take a look at a role
play demonstrating what Narrative Therapy is like, as a process of
counselling:

For counselling and psychotherapy students: If you are a counselling
student, then it is important to note that there are three preexisting
approaches to narrative counselling and therapy, as described by McLeod
(2003), pages 227-238[1]. These are: the psychodynamic approach; the
cognitive/constructivist approach; and the social constructionist
approach.

(1) The psychodynamic approachto the use of narratives in counseling
and therapy focuses on the ways that the client's stories can reveal
habitual ways of relating; and the counsellor can thus use those
stories to help the client to `re-author' their lives: (Strupp and
Binder, 1984[2]; Luborsky and Crits-Christoph, 1990)[3]. The main
emphasis in the psychodynamic approach to narrative use in counselling
and psychotherapy is in helping to identify the Core Conflictual
Relationship Theme (CCRT). This CCRT then provides the basic agenda
for their work of counselling.

(2) The cognitive/constructivist approach to the use of narratives in
counselling and therapy focuses on two strategies: (A) Identifying
stories that conflict with each other, which provides the possibility
of using `cognitive dissonance' to help with the challenge of rewriting
and integrating conflicted schemas (or frames, scripts, stories) in the
client's long-term memory[4]; and:(B) The use of metaphor. For example:
my use of the images of being a `little mouse' and then `a big moral
cat', in my Story of Origins. Metaphors can be depowering and
empowering, and the therapist can help the client to develop more
empowering metaphors for their problem roles, themes, or characters in
their most difficult stories[5].

(3) The social constructionist approachto narrative therapy and
counseling is based on the idea that we are social beings born into a
story-telling culture; that we are surrounded by stories, myths,
legends; that these stories preceded our existence, and we take on some
of the story roles and themes into which we are thrown at birth. The
main contributors to the development of this tradition were White and
Epston, a couple of Australasian family therapists: (White and Epston,
1990)[6]. Since people are seen as occupying a family- or
community-generated narrative or story, the solution is to
`externalize' this story, and get the client to see it as not part of
them, so they can step away from the roles specified in the story; or
they can re-author their story in various ways. Like CENT therapy,
this form of therapy uses both spoken dialogue and written narratives
to help the client to unearth their dominant narratives and to change
them.

CENT counseling and therapy does not fit comfortably within any of the
three narrative traditions outlined above. Neither was CENT directly
inspired by the creators of any of those three traditions.
Nevertheless, we can easily see that CENTinvolves an integration of
traditions (1) and (3) - the psychodynamic and the social
constructionist. But CENTis much more than that; and is a completely
unique approach to narrative use in psychotherapy and counseling, in
that we utilize the psychodynamic approach, the cognitive approach, and
the social constructionist approach - plus Transactional Analysis and
moral philosophy - to inform our understanding of human development and
individual functioning in the world. In Chapters 9 and 10, we will
explore how the CENT model of the social nature of the individual is
constructed." Extract from Chapter 7 of `Therapy After Ellis, Berne,
Freud and the Buddha', by Dr Jim Byrne, in press.
_______________________

[1] McLeod, J. (2003) An Introduction to Counselling. Third edition.
Buckingham: Open University Press.
[2]Strupp, H.H. and Binder, J.L. (1984) Psychotherapy in a New Key: A
guide to time-limited dynamic psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.
[3]Luborsky, L. and Crits-Christoph, P. (eds) (1990) Understanding
Transference: the CCRT method. New York: Basic Books.
[4]Russell, R.L. and van den Brock, P. (1992) Changing narrative
schemas in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 29: 344-354.
[5]Gon�alves, O.F. (1995) Hermeneutics, constructivism and
cognitive-behavioural therapies: from the object to the project. In:
R.A. Neimeyer and M.J. Mahoney (eds) Constructivism in psychotherapy.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
[6]White, M. and Epston, D. (1990) Narrative Means to Therapeutic
Ends. New York: Norton.

~~~

Obviously, there are lots of overlaps between these systems of
counseling and psychotherapy, and some obvious differences. These role
plays are a little stilted, since they are not genuine counselling
sessions; but they should give you some sense of what would be involved
in coming to see me, or another counsellor/therapist, and working on
your issues.

Before I move on to Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy (CENT), I want
you see a demonstration of a form of counselling called Gestalt
Therapy, developed by Dr Fritz Perls. Again this is a role play, and
not a real session, but it conveys the essence of how a Gestalt
counsellor would work:

I have used Gestalt Therapy in my own life more than once. See, for
example, the relevant section of CENT Paper No.10: The Story of
Relationship.

# What is Counselling?

# Counselling all over the world...

Another component of CENT counselling and therapy came from
Transactional Analysis (TA), which was created by Dr Eric Berne in the
post-war period in the mid-twentieth century. Here's a little video
clip of Mary Goulding MSW being interviewed about just what TA
counsellors do in their sessions with counseling clients:

# What is Transactional Analysis, and how is it used in CENT
counselling?

~~~

Cognitive Emotive Counselling and Therapy (CENT) and Rational Emotive
Behaviour Therapy (REBT)

Now you have a better idea of what is meant by cognitive counselling;
cognitive behavioural therapy; psycho-dynamic (or emotive) counselling;
Gestalt therapy; Transactional Analysis (TA), and narrative counselling
and therapy; you are in a much better position to cope with my
presentations on Cognitive Emotive Narrative Therapy (CENT) and
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). My next video clip, which
follows below, describes some of the counselling models used in CENT.
It begins with the ABC model from REBT, and shows how the counsellor
'debates and disputes' some of the client's unhelpful beliefs and gets
them to change them to more rational beliefs. It then moves on to the
EFR model of CENT counselling. The E is the Event or Experience that
the client has had, about which they are disturbed. The F is the Frame
through which they are viewing and interpreting the E. And the R is
the Response, or the Result of the E times the F; the emotional and
behavioural response. The F in the EFR model differs significantly
from the B in the ABC model in that much of the material that makes up
the Frame through which the client interpreted the Event is
non-conscious! Finally, I briefly introduce the Five Windows Model,
and provide some detail on the first three 'windows'. This will be
taken further in the second video clip in this series:

~~~

Please support the public educational role of this web site by making a
small donation:

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~~~

What follows is Part 2 of the video series on Counselling Models used
in CENT. This clip is designed to demonstrate the first three 'frames'
of the Five Windows Model in some detail, as applied to emotional
upsets, and I use the teaching illustration of problems arising out of
the economic stresses of redundancy or business decline:

Next, in Part 3 of the Models Used in CENT counselling, I explore the
use of Windows 4 and 5 to reduce emotional upsets about the same
problems as before, arising out of the economic stress of job
redundancy or business decline/failure. Please take a look and see how
you can apply this system to your own emotional, behavioural and/or
relationship problems:

And since CENT originally came out of Rational Emotive Behaviour
Therapy (REBT), you might also want to consult the following web-page:

# What is Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?

# Counselling all over the world...

Some people think that REBT counselling and therapy is too insensitive
to the client's needs, and I think that it is important to clarify this
issue. Therefore, I made the following video to show that I consider
empathy towards the counselling client to be one of the most important
principles of good, effective counselling and therapy. This video
models how to respond empathetically to a distressing problem presented
by a client. Here's the video on The Role of Empathy in REBT:

To see Part 2 of this video series on the ABCs of REBT, please go
here: What is Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?

~~~

Counselling Goals 3 - Managing Complex Problems:

"Though some problems are limited, many other problems can be larger
and more complex than specific situations within them. Take the
example of a client, who with children, who is going through a
divorce. Here dimensions of the problem might include obtaining a just
divorce settlement, maintaining self-esteem, relationships with
children, a possible move of home, and learning to live as a single
adult again".

From: Richard Nelson-Jones, 2002, Essential Counselling and Therapy
Skills: The skilled client model. London: Sage Publications. Pages
6-7. (13)

~~~
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Bookmark and Share-

~~~

Email: jim.byrne@abc-counselling

Or call me today on the telephone:

44 1422 843 629 (from outside the UK)

01422 843 629 (from inside the UK)

Site Map

~~~

Please support the public educational role of this web site by making a
small donation:

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Thank you for your generous support.

~~~

Telephone Counselling for English speakers everywhere F2F counselling
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Telephone 01422 843 629 (or 44 1422 843 629 from outside the UK)

Unless otherwise stated on these pages, all material appearing on this
website is copyright (c) Jim Byrne, 2003-2011

Email: Dr Jim Byrne at ABC Coaching

~~~

On this site you will find lots of information about coaching,
counselling and psychotherapy services to help with all kinds of
emotional, behavioural and relationship difficulties and problems.
Counselling and therapy in Halifax, and Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire,
UK; in London, Leeds and Manchester, UK; in Edinburgh, York and
Wilmslow; and all over the world via the telephone system and by email.

~~~

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